Diagnosis of Prion Disease
Prion diseases are confirmed by taking a sample of brain
tissue during a biopsy or after death. Healthcare providers, however, can do a
number of tests before to help diagnose prion diseases such as CJD, or to rule
out other diseases with similar symptoms. Prion diseases should be considered
in all people with rapidly progressive dementia.
The tests include:
- MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scans of the brain
- Samples of fluid from the spinal cord (spinal tap, also called lumbar puncture)
- Electroencephalogram, which analyzes brain waves; this painless test requires placing electrodes on the scalp
- Blood tests
- Neurologic and visual exams to check for nerve damage and vision loss
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