Epileptic Seizures

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There are three descriptions of seizures, depending on where in the brain the activity started.

Partial Seizure
A partial seizure means the epileptic activity took place in just part of the patient's brain. There are two types of partial seizure:

Simple partial seizure - the patient is conscious during the seizure. In most cases, the patient is also aware of their surroundings, even though the seizure is in progress.

Complex partial seizure - the patient's consciousness is impaired. The patient will generally not remember the seizure, and if they do, their memory will be vague.

Generalized Seizure
A generalized seizure occurs when both halves of the brain have epileptic activity. The patient's consciousness is lost while the seizure is in progress.

Tonic-clonic seizures (previously known as grand mal seizures): Perhaps the best known type of generalized seizure. They cause a loss of consciousness, body stiffness, and shaking.

Absence seizures: Previously called petit mal seizures, these involve short lapses in consciousness where the individual appears to be staring off into space. Absence seizures often respond well to treatment.

Tonic seizures: Muscles become stiff, and the person may fall.

Atonic seizures: A loss of muscle control causes the individual to drop suddenly.

Clonic seizures: This is associated with rhythmic, jerking movements.

Secondary Generalized Seizure

A secondary generalized seizure occurs when the epileptic activity starts as a partial seizure, but then spreads to both halves of the brain. As this development happens, the patient loses consciousness.

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