Can epilepsy lead to brain damage?

A study published in 2005 suggested that people with severe epilepsy who continue to experience seizures were more likely to have difficulties with cognitive ability and brain function. Longer periods of remission were linked with fewer cognitive problems.

A review published in 2006 concluded that there may be a "mild but measurable" decline in some people in intellectual performance" of adults and children.

However, the researchers point out that there is little reliable research in this area, and that "Due to many confounding variables, the effect of seizures per se is difficult to estimate, but appears limited."

Recent studies have looked at cognitive changes in children as they age, either with or without epilepsy. Results suggest that epilepsy is associated with worse cognitive outcomes.

However, it is unclear whether:
  • epilepsy causes the impairment
  • a similar structural change causes both the epilepsy and the impairment
  • anti-epileptic drugs have an effect
This is an area that needs further research

Other effects

Epilepsy can affect various aspects of a person's life, including:
  • emotions and behavior
  • social development and interaction
  • ability to study and work
  • The impact on these areas of life will depend largely on the frequency and severity of seizures.
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