Alzheimer's Disease Fact Sheet
Alzheimer's disease is currently ranked as the sixth leading
cause of death in the United States, but recent estimates indicate that the
disorder may rank third, just behind heart disease and cancer, as a cause of
death for older people.
Alzheimer’s is the most common cause of dementia among older
adults. Dementia is the loss of cognitive functioning—thinking, remembering,
and reasoning—and behavioral abilities to such an extent that it interferes
with a person’s daily life and activities. Dementia ranges in severity from the
mildest stage, when it is just beginning to affect a person’s functioning, to
the most severe stage, when the person must depend completely on others for
basic activities of daily living.
The causes of dementia can vary, depending on the types of
brain changes that may be taking place. Other dementias include Lewy body dementia, frontotemporal disorders, and vascular dementia. It is common for
people to have mixed dementia—a combination of two or more disorders, at least
one of which is dementia. For example, some people have both Alzheimer's
disease and vascular dementia.
Alzheimer’s disease is named after Dr. Alois Alzheimer. In
1906, Dr. Alzheimer noticed changes in the brain tissue of a woman who had died
of an unusual mental illness. Her symptoms included memory loss, language
problems, and unpredictable behavior. After she died, he examined her brain and
found many abnormal clumps (now called amyloid plaques) and tangled bundles of
fibers (now called neurofibrillary, or tau, tangles).
These plaques and tangles in the brain are still considered
some of the main features of Alzheimer’s disease. Another feature is the loss
of connections between nerve cells (neurons) in the brain. Neurons transmit
messages between different parts of the brain, and from the brain to muscles
and organs in the body.
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